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UNIT-En STATES PERRY G. GAR-DINER,

0F NEW roux, N. r.

IMPROVEMENT sa eaa-seaeaes.

- Specification loimingpart Iafcnt No. Eb'-,dutcd September 6, 1570.'

To Palli whom it may concern."

Be it known that LAPERRY G. GARDINER, ofr

the city, county, and State of N ew York, have invented .new and lRailroad-Car Springs; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull and exact description thereof', reference being had to theaccompanying drawings,which make part of this my nhaving on its innerperiphery projecting ribs longitudinally and corresponding recesses, anda central'horizontal ring, which encircles the rubber in a groovetherein in such amanner as to provide space for the play and spread oftherubber under pressure, and at the same.

time hold itin place and afford it a graduallyincreasing bearing as thespread or bulge of the lrubber` increases under increasing pressure;and,secondly,in constructing,in combination with the foregoing, twomovable heads orv bearings for the spring, in such a manner as that theyshall move freely within the ends of the cylindrical iron case, andextend around a portion of the central bolt of the spring, so as alwaysto press upon the ends ofthe rubber squarely and evenly in the lineofthe axis of the spring under pressure. Y

Figure I of the drawings represents a vertical eross-section 'throughthe central axis of the rubber cylinder and ofthe iron ease, and headsor. bearings of the spring, and the bolt which holdsthespring together.Fig. II isa `horizontal section of the rubber cylinder and. -iron caseonthe line A A offFig. I. A

Inboth igures'similarletters represent simi-.p larpartsi.

'i The spring deri p 'which is ofone piece,

india-rubber-.cylindc C,

Avand' does not diier from. the ordinary rubber' cylinder spring,excepting in the groove which runs around it at the middle, as seen atC.

This rubber cylinder I place within an iron shell or case, D, which inthe present case is externally of anlelliptical form in its verticaldirection, and circular horizontally, and it is alittle longer than therubber cylinder, so as to project beyond it at either end, and it isopen at both ends .-to receive the heads or bearings of the spring. Uponthe inner face useful Improvements inl manner by ofthe shell D arc ribsb, extending along the inner face of the case, but uniting with thehorizontal ring lor-circular flange d in the middle,thus dividing thechambers or recesses d d in the shell equally in a horizontal as Well asvertical direction. The diameterV of the rubber cylinder is less than-that of the space within the faces of the ribs, so that there willalways be an open space between the periphery of the ribs, within of therubber and the faces which the rubber finds room for bulging underpressure; and the operation is such that if the pressure is increased soas to bulge the rubber beyond the faces of the ribs the rubber is thenforced into the .chambers or recesses y between the ribs. When thespring has come home-that is, its extent of yielding is exhausted--therubber fills all the surrounding spaces,..and.is supported by. the facesof the ribs, bythe sides and faces of the recesses, and by thehorizontal ring. In actual use, itis not ,intended that the spring shallthus come home and find its dead-point; but its elastic action willalways remain alive or unexhaustcd, and

the support and' bearings afforded to the rubber by the ribsaud thesides and the faces of the recesses will be in a gradual increasingprogression in the ratio of the increase ofthe pressure. The projectingring in the middle operates to hold the rubber cylinder in its properposition within the case, so as not to work up or to be displacedlateral1y,which it might do in the open space betweenit and the facesofthe ribs but for this provision. The spread of the rubberunder'pre'ssure begins always at the middle line, where the ringsurrounds and supports it, and advances equally in either directionabove and below from the ring; and thus the ring operatesin a twofoldplace, and by affording it support, and is therefore of great utility.I

The heads or bearings EE ofthe spring are formed preciselyalike. Theyare circular and hollow, and are fitted to play closely but freelywithin the open ends ofthe iron ease. At the centers of the closed endsopening, which is flanged inward, so as'to form a short tube surroundingthe bolt, as seen at e f, by which the play of the heads is made to.

act in the'line of the axis of the spring. The `bolt g passes throughthe central opening in the rubber cylinder,which opening is largeholding the rubber in its exact of the headsis au flanged portions ejlofthe heads.

one en'd and screw and nut at the other.

enough-to aHow the free movement of 1 the The b'olt is fastened to thexhead by means of an upset at By screwing the nut down it brings theheads within the open ends of the case, and com'- pressing the rubber'somewhat, so as to set the spring for use. This mode of constructionproduces a safe, powerful, and durable spring,

Y easy in its action, and at a moderate expense.

Having thus described my improvements' and the manner of constructingthe sam,wliat I claim therein as my invention, and for which I desireLetters Patent, 'ist 1. Thevconstruction of a railroad-car spring eefwim saires snel-1 or ease, in which the in:

f" f is divided longitudinally into l cesses 'or chambers by theprojecting ribs, and

horizontally by the encircling ring, whereby.

space is a'orded for the play of the rubber,

and it is also held in its place, and at the'same Y time receivessupport from gradually-increasing bearings, arranged and operatingsubstantially as described.

2. The combination of theheads'E E, constructed as described, with theother portions of the spring, so as to move freely within the i'en endsof the shell, and slide upon the bolt,

always in a position parallel with 'each other

